Calamus ornatus Blume in Roem. & Schult.

Robust clustering rattan. Stem climbing to great heights, to 50 m or more long, without sheaths to 4 cm diam., with rather prominent nodes and frequently slightly angular in cross section, with sheaths to 7 cm diam., internodes to 30 cm long. Leaves subcirrate; sheaths dark green, armed with large triangular, flattened, yellowish-based black spines to 4 x 1 cm, and scattered dull brown scales; knee conspicuous; ocrea short, quickly tattering; flagellum massive, to 10 m or more long, dark green, armed with short black, yellowish-based spines; petiole to 1 m (usually less); rachis to 3 m long; leaflets 20–30 on each side of the rachis, usually pale green, regularly arranged, the proximal to 50 x 5 cm increasing to 80 x 8 cm in mid leaf, decreasing to minute at the tip, c. 4 x 0.5 cm, the rachis tip forming a subcirrus, the leaflets drying pale green, not blackish, prickly on the upper surface of the veins near the tip and along the margins. Inflorescences to 8 m long including the long terminal flagellum, male and female superficially similar, the male branched to 3 orders, the female to 2 orders, bearing 4–6 partial inflorescences to 80 cm long; male rachillae slender 5–8 x 3 cm, female rachillae robust, reflexed, 10–18 x 0.4 cm. Male flower with 12 stamens. Ripe fruit ellipsoid, to 3 x 2 cm, tipped with a short beak and covered in 15 vertical rows of matt brown to black scales with paler bases. Seed to 2 x 0.8 cm, rather angular and grooved with one flattened lateral face; sarcotesta sour; endosperm homogeneous. Seedling leaf bifid, shiny green.