Calamus oxleyanus Teijsm. & Binn. ex Miq.

Solitary (very rarely clustering) rattan. Stem climbing to 10 m, without sheaths to 1.5 cm diam., with sheaths to 3 cm diam., internodes to 15 cm long. Leaf cirrate; sheaths bright green, rather densely armed with black, yellow-based flattened spines to 5 x 0.7 cm, upward-pointing, horizontal or reflexed; knee poorly developed, usually obscured by spines; ocrea tattering, inconspicuous; petiole to 30 cm long, armed with long black, yellowish-based spines; rachis arching, to 1.1 m or more long; cirrus to 60 cm long; leaflets to c. 50 on each side of the rachis, arranged in groups of 2–5 (rarely more), arcuate, dark shiny green except at the base where pale yellowish, 20–30 x 2–3 cm, ± unarmed. Inflorescences strongly curved, male and female superficially similar, the male branching to 3 orders, the female to 2 orders, to 1.2 m, with c. 7 partial inflorescences, the longest to 40 cm; male rachillae to 3 cm long; female rachillae to 4 cm bearing rather distant flowers. Ripe fruit rounded, c. 12 mm diam., with conspicuous beak to 0.15 cm long, and covered in 12–13 vertical rows of yellowish scales with brown margins. Seed hemispherical, c. 0.9 cm diam., with superficial pitting; endosperm very sparsely and shallowly ruminate. Seedling leaf not recorded.